Kindertransport †Identity Essay

Do you ever think about what you represent in this world? Do you ever think about how people, as a whole, perceive your personality, your background, your style, your language, and your opinion? I’ve been thinking a lot about how my individuality is recognized by others and how I can change it within one moment’s decision. The definition of identity is truly vague to my knowledge but I think it has to do with everything in your existence that relates to your physical, psychological, and cultural persona. The people that surround my life label me as they see me yet I label myself through experience. My brain cannot obtain a sample of your history and digest through to create a perfect overlook yet it can take in the information that I witness and an idea of who you truly are can start to grow. When I think of Michael Marcel, the words, â€Å"funny†, â€Å"strong-minded†, and â€Å"caring† illuminate. When your father thinks about Michael Marcel, variation among traits will occur. When you think about your way of living, how do you relate yourself to the rest of the world? Usually, the nationality of a person is a red flag for certain stereotypes and pre-judgmental observations. To one’s own self, this might represent a certain uniqueness and pride yet it can, also, provoke a sense of shame and anger. I know that you, as a Dominican/Italian, take great pleasure in voicing your quirked cultural way of living. Kobenhavn and Roskilde will forever morph my character. These two cities within the tiny country of Denmark are home to my relatives, my genetics, and the roots of my place in society. I can remember many instances of being reminded about the pleasant haven. The death of my Mormor (Grandma) sucked all of the energy from my limbs and left me for dead. I realized that her passing shouldn’t be brought downward with sorrow but rather glazed over with past feelings of happiness. She went through hours of pain to produce Diana Rasmussen and in turn, Diana gave her a little baby girl named, â€Å"Freja†. A wave of change rose over my body and I understood that I would always be Diana’s daughter. I am confident within my fair, Danish skin. I can remember how effected I was throughout my time in America concerning my cultural background and my cultural interests. People would widen their eyes as I spoke about my past in Denmark; to them, I was like an alien from a strange planet. In the now, I am criticized for my newly found triple life. I say triple because one part of me is Danish and I have an entire past within my motherland, one part of me is Italian but I don’t have a big affiliation with the country, and one part of me is very tied into the Hispanic lifestyle. I am ridiculed on a daily basis for the last part and I am identified differently because of it. By the Caucasian community, I am insulted on (almost) a daily basis. By the Hispanic community in our school, I am subjected to the label of â€Å"Latina Wannabe†. By the Hispanic community outside of school, I am seen as a very good person and willing to accept and try anything new within their country’s ways. By my parents, I am given odd looks as I sing along to â€Å"Mariposa Tracionera† and they wonder why their little girl suddenly turned Hispanic. Recently, I have been subjected to an act of immaturity and ignorance. There is a guy in my grade that hates my lifestyle more than his own selfish loneliness; when I chat with the so-called â€Å"skin head†, I can hear him saying that my hands are grimy from touching the hands of Mexicans. It hurts my entire body to hear something so harsh come out of a human being’s mouth; he takes the media’s image of crossing the border, the drug cartel wars, and the unpaid taxes, and spits them back into my face. The other night, I was talking with David and he posted on my wall, â€Å"stop being so sad†. That was an inside joke between him and I; it had no concern with â€Å"skin-head†. The ignorant â€Å"skin-head† commented on the post and said, â€Å"Go back to Mexico†. I called you, crying a river upon the keypad, and complained about the words that had left a mark in my mind. Lack of knowledge can drive the process of identity onto a cruel p ath. Every single piece of matter that inhabits the personal world around you has an effect on your identity. The tiny room in which your soul takes life form has an effect. The soil that sticks to the bottom of your feet as you take your first steps has an effect. The way you represent yourself is a lifelong process; you begin to mold your life as soon as your lungs fill with newly found oxygen. The cries that are let out during your first hours on the outside of the womb might travel through time and find themselves spewing out of your mouth thirteen years later because of ridicule over your skin color, musical taste, family situation, etc. Identity is everything and everything is identity. Is it really that simple? Yes, I think so.

Baking Soda and Baking Powder

Baking SodaBaking Soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen bicarbonate is an alkali which is a white crystalline however it often appears as a fine powder, its chemical name is NaHCO3. It is used to increase the volume of baked goods. It has a slightly salty, alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda (sodium carbonate). (1)Baking PowderBaking Powder is also a dry leavening agent which is a mixture of a weak alkali and a weak acid; it increases the volume and lightens the texture of baked goods. Baking powder works by releasing carbon dioxide (CO2) gas into a batter or dough through an acid-base reaction, causing bubbles in the wet mixture to expand and therefore leavening the mixture.Most commercially available baking powders are made up of an alkaline component (typically sodium bicarbonate also known as baking soda), one or more acid salts(such as cream of tartar), and an inert starch (cornstarch in most cases, though potato starch may also be used). Baking so da is the source of the carbon dioxide, and the acid-base reaction can be generically represented as: NaHCO3 + H+ → Na+ + CO2 + H2O(2)The Difference between Baking Soda and Baking PowderBoth baking soda and baking powder are leavening agents, which means they are added to baked goods before cooking to produce carbon dioxide and cause them to ‘rise'. Baking powder contains baking soda, but the two substances are used under different conditions. Baking soda is pure sodium bicarbonate. When baking soda is combined with moisture and an acidic ingredient (e.g., yogurt, chocolate, buttermilk, honey), the resulting chemical reaction produces bubbles of carbon dioxide that expand under oven temperatures, causing baked goods to rise. The reaction begins immediately upon mixing the ingredients, so you need to bake recipes which call for baking soda immediately, or else they will fall flat!However Baking Powder contains  sodium bicarbonate, but it includes the acidifying agent a lready (cream of tartar), and also a drying agent (usually starch). Baking powder is available as single-acting baking powder and as double-acting baking powder. Single-acting powders are activated by moisture, so you must bake recipes which include this product immediately after mixing. Double-acting powders react in two phases and can stand for a while before baking. With double-acting powder, some gas is released at room temperature when the powder is added to dough, but the majority of the gas is released after the temperature of the dough increases in the oven.

Guns: Firearm and Gun

Gun related crimes kill thousands of people every day. We see it in the news and on the streets. When will it stop? What can we do to help? Already this year, the shootings in Chicago have broken records. Kids and bystanders are getting injured by guns. Guns are easily obtained and can Just as easily take someone's life. In order to get to the bottom of this issue, one need to take into consideration statistics, Obama's thoughts, the effects of enforcing guns in schools, new laws dealing with gun control, Homicides and accidental or suicidal deaths that is caused by a firearm.The statistics on gun related violence and homicides are showing a decrease through recent years. The data is based on gun related crimes and homicides that have occurred in the past years to the recent years. However, some communities in Chicago area and surrounding suburbs still see large amount of guns in their neighborhood illegal or legal. There are plenty more guns than shown in the media. According to Sta tmasters. com, Illinois firearms death equate to 9. 7% for every 100,000 deaths in America.This percentage is very low compared to District of Columbia who olds the number one ranking of gun related deaths by a whopping 31. 2 percent. Alaska has the second highest deaths by firearms at 20 percent. The lowest is Hawaii with 2. 8 percent and the second lowest is Massachusetts with 3. 1(Crime Statistics > Firearms Death Rate per 100,000 (most recent) by state. N. p. : StateMaster. com, 2002. Web. 10 Dec. 2012). While these numbers are from 2002 there hasn't been any changes in rankings much.What statistics show about gun violence is beneficial to everyone because it shows us what is really going on in the world? It allows people to e more aware of their surroundings and understand what is happening in their neighborhoods. When a leader expresses their opinions, I feel people would actually take this topic into consideration. The person we call our leader is President Obama. President O bama's thoughts on guns, is in order to prevent gun crimes, we should limit the people we give guns too.By doing background checks and/or psych evaluations, we will discover if they are mentally stable to possess a gun (Shen, Aviva. Obama: Gun Control ‘Should Be Common Sense'. N. p. : n. p. , n. d. Web. 10 Dec. 2012). Some people might think that this is conflicting with their constitutional right to bear arms; however they have not given thought to if the person's mental capacity is or isn't stable and if they are prone to violence or not. Ask yourself, would you rather have a stable person with a gun around you, or an unstable person with a gun?Did you know that there are schools that allow college students to bare arms on campus? Arizona College is trying to pass the law for guns to be allowed. They think knows that guns or provoking violence makes things so much worse. Arizona's three tate universities estimate that a bill that would allow guns on campus would cost million s of dollars in one-time and annual expenses. (Ryman, Anne. N. p. : n. p. , 2012. Web. 6 Dec. 2012) the legislation would result in an additional $13. 3million in one- time expenses and an additional $3. million in annual operating costs at Arizona State University, University of Arizona and Northern Arizona University. There are people who oppose that proposal, and won't accept it. But on the other hand, there are people who support this decision and feel it would keep them free from danger. There are people in this country who think having guns will solve all their solutions. Well through what data that is collected, it hasn't. There are laws in different states that say you should ‘stand your ground' and shoot first if threatened, that law got a kid named Traywon Martin killed.Traynv'on Martin was born February 5, 1995 and died February 26, 2012, by a man who was 28 year old man named, George Zimmerman. Mr. Zimmerman felt he was doing that law Justice by shooting the 17 yea r old boy in his chest, but all the boy was doing was walking around a neighborhood where he isited his father and his fianc ©s home only holding a bag of skittles (Traywon Martin Case (George Zimmerman). N. p. : The New York Times, 2012. Web. 10 Dec. 2012). By this law a man is not serving the appropriate time for murdering a child.The law needs to help prevent guns from getting into the wrong hands by having people who own guns actually have legal permits and the guns shops that are selling them need to have background check on the owners. The law also needs to ban the selling of firearms on the internet. I feel greater about the selling the firearms online, because of recent events. On July 20, of 2012, a man named James Eagan Holmes, Killed 12 and injured 58 People in Aurora, Colorado at a premiere of The Dark Knight Rise (Almasy, Steve.

E-commerce project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

E-commerce project - Essay Example It is evident that many companies now realize the importance of websites as a tool to gain market share and improve sales. Most flourishing companies like unique home decor, Paul Michael company, Bensons would not have reached the places they are without their websites (BAJAJ, 2005).The Martha Stewart management structure consists of activities such as the allocation of tasks, supervision and coordination, which are directed towards the accomplishment of the aims of the company. The company structure mainly participates in the accomplishment of the company goals this is because the company has several dedicated employees whose main agenda is to assist the company to achieve his company's goals. Martha Stewart has several supervisor is in each and every department, this ensures the employees work up to the required standard. This contributes to the making of designing high quality decor products because the management has catered everything governing the employees work. The company us es various business models to make it distinct from other companies. The business models also help to describe the organizational architecture of capture mechanisms, delivery which are employed by the company's enterprise. The company has applied business models such as, collecting intelligence, user generated content, and improving the available systems. It also uses transport services such as airline and private courier services to ensure their products are available all over the continent. The goals of the business are primarily marketing the products on sale and making sure they increase their profits though online sale and delivery. The company also seeks to be capable of running consumer satisfaction surveys so as to assist they gauge their progress. Finally, the ultimate goal is to ensure that the company becomes a reputable and among the most respected and successful in this field of business. Supply chain underscores on cutting down of resources and various expences inorder to improve their bottom lines with more effective supply chains. In order for companies, to be the best and out do its competitors in the market it has to define the most effective supply chain. This would improve how the business operates, in fact the supply chains do work well with the ERP systems which are involved in conducting various business activities, which include production planning and customer service which are not part of the supply chains. Technology plays a main role in the accomplishment of the supply chain concept pre-dates the internet, and they use web based application and communication can it truly reach its fully potential. The website will, therefore, be designed so as to make sure the company achieves most of its goals in the most efficient way possible. The website will become a partial platform for the marketing department. This is because many people nowadays depend on the internet for many things, making it an easier place to access customers. The produ cts will be marketed by posting them on the website and giving information on the latest home decors awaiting release and those already in the market. In order to enhance marketing, the company will have to alias with the most visited websites and have accounts in social platforms such as Facebook, linked in, twitter and MySpace among others. Secondly the company will should be able to give customers the ability to purchase items and request them to get delivered to supported locations. The products shall be priced ant the availability of a customer to purchase the items collectively using a virtual card. This will allow them to shop for many products easily. The third aspect of this website is customer support.

The EMR Use by MS's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The EMR Use by MS's - Essay Example One can expect HIPAA to require this in the future, which also means that records need to be both accessible and private (Mandi, 2001). Although EMR’s have grown to become easier to adopt into a practice, and more flexible, there is nevertheless a significant learning curve for the medical staff and physicians, and a series of other issues which must be considered in (1) deciding to adopt an EMR system for an up-to-now written/paper-based practice, and (2) to adapt to the requirements of HIPAA and the competitive environment in order to make the changeover (Miller, 2004). The primary benefit of EMR’s is the ability to provide records quickly for a patient, which can speed up both a physician’s access to records (both in terms of time and completeness), and to communicate those records to stakeholders, such as patients and hospitals. (McDonald, 1997). A second key benefit is the ability, once on a digitized record, to enhance the speed and accuracy of billing. Billing carries two key considerations: is the billing accurate (i.e. does it capture the actual procedures performed), is it complete (i.e. are all billable procedures included—a big source of potential additional revenue for many practices), is it timely (i.e. how quickly does it get communicated from the physician’s practice to the third-party payer) and how much additional work will be required in order to complete the claim? The last of these four points can sometimes be the most difficult for a paper-based physician’s office practice, as all healthcare professionals know that they can get tied up on the phone and with back-and-forth traffic with the third party insurer on specific claims. In short, the more information available, the more likely that the claim will be accepted. Third-party coding has now become a big business. Those practices that are able to send digital files to onshore or offshore coding facilities generally find a better record of billing (i.e. more

Analysis of Virtual Teams and Effects on Organizational Performance Research Paper

Analysis of Virtual Teams and Effects on Organizational Performance - Research Paper Example Virtual teams allow organizations to collaborate with the most talented people in their field, in all geographies, thereby removing the need to hire local experts. Virtual teams enable an organization to create a more diverse talent pool that would have not been possible if the organization was not having a policy of virtual teams (Snyder, 2003).   With the implementation of virtual teams in the workplace, employees can work and communicate in real-time despite the barriers of geographical distance and time. Travel time and costs are reduced including expenses such as accommodation, travel, and other daily allowances. Virtual teams also enhance productivity as the daily work life does not get disrupted because of frequent travel (Opper and Fersko-Weiss, 1992). All these factors enable the organization to increase their productivity and reach markets quickly and effectively. Work life balance and flexibility: Virtual teams lead to enhancement of work life balance for its team member s. Virtual team members can carry out their work from their location at any time as they wish removing the necessity of frequent travelling. The flexibility in the timings that comes up with virtual teams enables team members to manage balance between their personal and work life. Extended market opportunity: Virtual teams give organizations an opportunity to reach markets spread across the globe. Virtual teams are generally spread around all the locations across the world. This structure enables teams to have direct and quick access to different markets. With the implementation of virtual teams, organization can build a local connect with the customers in each country. The local presence also enables the organization to get a better understanding of the market including customer taste and behavior. Virtual teams are an effective tool for organizations to increase confidence amongst customers. Customers can be sure of the services of an organization having virtual teams because of t he local presence of individuals in their country. Virtual teams also provide an effective tool for small businesses to establish their global presence. Small businesses can expand their market reach through use of virtual teams.  ·   Ã‚  Knowledge transfer: Another major advantage of having virtual teams is the continuous knowledge transfer between various team members. Technical tools such as net-meeting, remote computer access and video and audio conferences enable members from across the globe in different time zones to participant in various discussions which increase the knowledge for team members. Generally the team members in virtual teams are individuals with different skill sets and competencies. With virtual teams, members based out of different geographic locations can gain knowledge from other members at a very low cost. Disadvantages Although virtual teams have significant positives, they also come with certain disadvantages that might arise out of issues like comm unication deficiency, poor leadership and incompetent team members. These disadvantages might also hamper the growth of the team which may result in inability of the team to achieves its goals. Communication deficiency: Communication deficiency is the most critical disadvantage that comes with virtual teams. Members of the virtual team do not interact face to face and interact but primarily through technological tools. â€Å"Effective use of communication, especially during the early stages of the team’

Reflection on learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection on learning - Essay Example It entails six steps of self evaluation practice for teaching and learning process that promotes personal and professional growth (Gibbs, 1988). The steps are: description of actions; feelings and thought while doing the job; evaluation of work done; analysis of work done; conclusion of the analysis; and action plan for improved and improvised outcome. The different steps are designed to provide an in-depth reflection on our actions that encourages us to look at our actions from the perspective of third person so that they (actions) could be evaluated and analyzed. The self analysis thus persuades one to improve and improvise our actions so that our performance outcome is improved, leading to professional growth with safe practice for oneself and others. This week’s work description, while working in a group of eight other colleagues was an intensely thought provoking because it helped me to evolve as a person and also provided the necessary learning experience for professional growth. Gibbs’ Cycle of Reflection greatly facilitated in self improvement when introspective practices were used to contemplate the work done during the week’s time. In one group meeting in the university, members paired up and completed a personality questionnaire - a group evaluation rubric, to assess oneself and each other. There were six categories for evaluation: contribution; attitude; focus on the task; working with others; monitor group effectiveness; and time management. While I chose 3,4,3,4,3 and 4 to assess my level of grade vis-Ã  -vis the categories, my partner asserted that I am more identified with 4,4,4,4,3 and 4. The ranking and grade were assigned as per the ability to identify, understand and adapt to the issues and situations in the ascending order with 5 denoting complete understanding and 1 representing understanding and identification of

Oprah Winfrey Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Oprah Winfrey - Research Paper Example One such celebrity and living example of success is Oprah Winfrey. Oprah Winfrey, the victim of molestation, child abuse, and domestic violence was indeed committed to bringing out the excellence in her. The black woman, destined for greatness, achieved the heights of her career as an actress, talk show host, proprietor, philanthropist and a producer. Fighting hard with all the difficulties, Winfrey believed in doing the best at this moment which could put her in the best place for the next moment. The current study shall elaborate upon the achievements of self-titled, multi-award-winning talk show lady Oprah Winfrey during her career until now. Oprah Winfrey Oprah Winfrey believes that the big secret in life is that there is no big secret. According to her, all the goals and targets can be attained once the individual is willing to make effort for it. One of the most prominent, successful and notable women in history, Oprah Winfrey, has been a charitable woman and a lady who has bee n struggling since her childhood. Certain values and teachings have guided her throughout the life; sometimes experiences taught her, and at others, she taught others to experiences. The Renaissance woman, Oprah Winfrey, has indeed revolutionized the female world through her determination and courage. Oprah Winfrey is an American media manager, an actress, a talk show host, and a producer and philanthropist. She is acknowledged globally for her multi-award-winning, self-titled, talk show which has gained the status of the top-ranked television program in the history and has also achieved her national syndication from the year 1986 to 2011. Winfrey has been awarded the rank of the richest African American and has been known as the supreme black philanthropist in the history of America. There also came a time in her life that Winfrey was the only black billionaire and the most influential woman of the world. Personal Life and Scandal In order to know the achievements of an individual, it is good to highlight the personal life and conditions of the brought up and living that the person went through. The early life of Winfrey actually started with a lot of scandals. Oprah Winfrey was the victim of child abuse and molestation at an early age, but still managed to stand out with all her innate talent and abilities. Winfrey was born in Kosciusko, Mississippi, to an unmarried teenage mother. Spending the first six precious years of her childhood in rural poverty, Winfrey was often compelled to wear potato sacks as her dress. At an early life, her uncle, cousin, and a family friend physically abused Winfrey. Due to this inhumane incident in her life, the lady managed to run away from her home when soon after that at the age 14, she became pregnant. She gave birth to a son, who died shortly after delivery. All these hardships and tragedies made her feel betrayed by her family and relatives. The beginning of Winfrey’s life witnessed few horrible tragedies, which t he traditional and modern world would never favor of, and which would go below all the standards of humanity and personality. Starting from the age of 9 and continuing up to 13 years, Winfrey experienced a horrible series of child molestation by her family and relatives. This emotional devastation was added when she was forced by her grandmother to work and set an example of child abuse and was beaten up in case she made some mistakes (Garson, Helen, 2004). Thougha brief

Smoking Ban Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Smoking Ban - Essay Example The public was, however, largely ignorant to this fact the medics became viewed with skepticism. It took a number of long years for people to pay attention to the medics. Medical science has, nevertheless, proved beyond a reasonable doubt that smoking kills (Susman, 2012). A lot of smokers claim that it is by choice that they smoke this might be the case, but what if the person smoking is a female who is pregnant, or what if the smoker sits in a room full of young children and inflicts that choice of hers to the children. Smoking has since the early 1990’s, become antisocial and the voice of the non smokers can largely be heard (European Society of Cardiology, 2012). Smoking ban infringes on human rights to enjoy their freedom. A lot of people believe that putting smoking bans in a number of public areas is a harsh measure and that it will affect them profoundly. There is also the other group that accepts putting bans in all public places is the way to go. The question I ask is, why do people smoke. From my research, I uncovered a couple of that lead people to smoke; First of all young people smoke because it makes them feel mature, look like their friends or even experiment (Susman, 2012). Adults, on the other hand, smoke to reduce stress or pressure (Hinds & First, 2000). Carrying a couple of smokes to work is a reward to all smokers, most of them would not think of carrying them to work if they did not have a reason too. Smoking enables one to kick back, relax and enjoy him or herself for a few minutes. I must acknowledge that sitting with a group of people with a smoke is a terrific way to relax. The other group of people says that smoking is a social thing. For example, if a person is outside having a smoke and spots another person also having a smoke, it is always an easy and  pleasant way of starting a conversation. Especially in social places like bars or clubs, these are the places, to meet people and socialize over a smoke and a drink. Smoking is

Impact of Globalization on General Motors Essay

Impact of Globalization on General Motors - Essay Example These include simplifying the process where possible, finding cheaper but high quality material to help with the manufacturing process (Reader 2006, p.7). Additionally the company believes that innovative technology will help it attain better production hence increasing output but the question is how globalisation in the automotive industry affects GM. Globalisation is a double-edged sword that cuts both ways in this case it has both the positive and the negative impact on any industry. However, the degree of managing these effects determines the success or failure of a company in a particular industry. When examining the effects of globalisation in a company for instance GM, we have to look at all the department, branches, plants and any subsidiaries of the company. The reason for this is that globalisation is a multifaceted phenomenon. For instance, we have to look at how globalisation has affected GM employees, the production process, the marketing aspect, the information technolo gy aspect and the management aspect (Alias 2008, p.10). The complexity of the automotive industry demands that the company should effectively deal with the impact of globalisation because if the competitors are able to deal with it more effectively than the GM then this can be catastrophic or detrimental to both the company image and the market. The world is moving towards becoming a global village hence having a very fast rate of globalisation. As a result, companies should strategise and gear up for this cause to avoid eradication due to drastic changes. However, in dealing with the effects of globalisation on the GM it is important to separate all the sections and critically examining them individually ratherthat having a... The paper tells that increased globalisation has led to increased competition in the automotive industry with registration of new entrants who have better ways of manufacturing and production of vehicles. However, one of the biggest competitors to GM is the Japanese company Toyota manufacturing durable and affordable vehicles. Additionally, due to the persistent hard economic times more and more people are opting to buy fuel-efficient vehicle and vehicles whose spare parts are easily available. The Toyota Company has managed to tap into this market both locally and globally hence giving GM very stiff competition. Additionally, due to globalisation vehicles are becoming cheaper hence reducing the profit margin of GM. Because of this, it forces the company to seek ways of cutting down costs in order to increase the profit margin because they cannot increase the prices due to the demand and supply forces of the market. Globalisation has also made information readily available to consume rs in the market. Additionally, the introduction of ecommerce solution has also cut down on the cost of business transactions. Customers are now able to purchase vehicles from another counter through the internet and go through all the relevant processes that will enable him or her get the vehicle at his or her disposal. GM has to deal with these globalisation effects in order to stay afloat in business. The distance between countries is closing up very fast due to the development of efficient ways of transportation and business transactions are becoming easier due to the technological development.

Personal Incident that Helped to Make Ethical Decision Essay

Personal Incident that Helped to Make Ethical Decision - Essay Example A person may not be legally bound to choose a course of action but ethics demand that he take on that course of action. Ethics, also known as moral philosophy, deals with the obligations that human beings have to the society and people around them. It also deals with the values that we acquire while living within the society and it is these values that guide the decisions that individuals take in their lives (Duquenoy, George and Kimppa, 2008). In this paper, we attempt to present an ethical dilemma that I faced in my life recently and how this decision I made corresponds with two different ethical theories. Under the light of these ethical theories that are Utilitarianism and Kantism Theory, we would be discussing the decision that I made. The objective is to study the decision under these theories and determine whether the action taken was ethically correct. Ethical Situation Recently, while working as an intern in a hospital, I went across a case that required ethical decision mak ing. A 5-year-old child was suffering from severe trauma as a result of a car accident. The car accident that left the child in a vegetative state and he continued to be on life support for more than 3 months. Even before the condition, the child had been suffering because of his medical condition that had been diagnosed as Thalassemia Major. As the three months were nearing their end, the parents of the child were losing hope. The doctor, a senior and a mentor, was also losing hope. The parents were quite attached to their child and had been his main support throughout his life. But with time, they were realizing that their child may not survive given his condition and the injury that he had taken on. For this reason, they were considering using euthanasia as a valid option at that stage. The doctor, however, was not willing to allow the child to be put to sleep considering that the law was against such a situation. During the child’s illness and his injury, I had developed a good bonding with the parents. I saw them as caring individuals and loving parents who were generally distressed at their child’s present condition. Because of their concern, I usually took out the time in my busy schedule to visit and offer support at least once during the day. I was aware that my concern for the child reassured the parents and they discussed their options with me in great detail. Thus, it was not surprising that they came to me to discuss the option of euthanasia. Personally, I do not have a strong argument for or against euthanasia but seeing the child as he was and the suffering the parents were going through, I realized that euthanasia would be more advantageous in this position. However, I was legally bound to refrain from the practice myself. Decision After great deliberation, I decided that I indeed had an option that the parents would consider. I researched the internet about states that allowed euthanasia as legal practices and informed the parent s of such states.  

Modern democracy develop in America Essay Example for Free

Modern democracy develop in America Essay The English colonies on the eastern coast of American can be divided into three groups, the North, the Middle Colonies and the South. They all have very different attitudes but they all came here to America to escape from the oppression back in Europe and to develop a new, democratic country. To establish democracy, they all have to face the same enemy, the British. Modern democracy involves the right to vote, check and balance, and an elected representative. The main reasons for development of modern democracy in America were religion, wealth, political freedom, pragmatism and secularism. Religion and political freedom are strongly related to each other because Christianity provided an essential moral foundation for liberal democratic government. The Pilgrims who reached New England in 1620 escaped from religious persecution by the English church and government and the corruptions of Holland. Soon they decided to set up their own government base on Christian ideas, particular the idea of equality. It was one of the early steps towards modern democracy in America. The Pilgrims drew up an important agreement called the Mayflower Compact. The agreement stated that the government would make just laws and equal with the consent of the colonists. In practice this meant that adult male Pilgrims met from time to time to elect a governor and a small group to assist him. The Puritans also hated the hierarchy system in the English church. But comparing to the Pilgrims, the Puritans were more ambitious. They thought it was destiny and Gods will that brought them to America. Religion and the idea of city upon the hill caused them to form a democratic government. City upon a hill was proposed by John Winthrop. He meant that the new colony would be an example for the rest of the world of how God meant men and women to live. The Puritans should build their city well and it would become a model which England might follow. Wealth also hindered the movement of democracy. First of all, the colonists in the south went to American hoping to find wealth and success which they found by growing tobacco and slave trade. Once they got wealth, they wanted to protect their property and to gain further profit. The only way to do  this is to have a government system where it will concern about peoples self interest. As a result, a democratic government is developed where most issues were approved or discussed by the people before it was passed. Pragmatism means human taking practical actions to problems. America is a new, strange land to the colonists. The colonists had to be very flexible to cope with the wilderness. Secularism means the exclusion of religious and supernatural beliefs. These two ideas combined to develop another characteristic of modern democracy that is religious freedom. It was first suggested by William Penn, a Quaker. They believed all men are equal no matter what race or what religion they believed in. The Quakers thought religion does not dictate political decisions, though the moral views originating in Christianity remain. Rather then concentrating on the religious aspect, they concentrate on improving their lives in this new country. The Shakers held a similar idea with the Quakers. They believed in Hands to work, heart to God. This developed the idea of you can believe in any religion or none at all, with little legal or social sanction, that is the freedom of religion. The main cause of the American War of Independence is how the British treated Americans after the Seven Years War. The Seven Years War (1756-1763) had the French on one side and Prussia backed by British gold on the other. The Seven Years War was mainly the result of trading rights. The British colonials (Americans) were pinned up against the Atlantic seaboard, with only the Hudson Bay Company in the north challenging the French trading. The colonists were running out of land. British found the need to expand. But doing so, they would enter the Ohio Valley, controlled by France. In the end, France was defeated. Although Britain won the war, they found themselves in an unfavourable situation. The war was longer than the British had expected and was expensive. Even worse, the colonists were moving west. In order to maintain their new land in America British must send troops to protect it, this was another huge spending. Since Britain had defended the thirteen colonies, they thought tha t the colonists should pay for the troops by various taxes. Starting from 1763, Britain tried to apply its own policy onto the American colonists. The American colonists were unpleased because the reason why there were here in America was to escape from English rule but now the British government was making decisions, disregarding the assemblies that they established earlier. A few events highlighted the colonists resentments and anger toward Britain. In 1764, the Revenue Act was introduced. It stated that colonists have to pay duty for molasses which is used to make rum. It was the first time that the colonists felt the unjust of British rule. The next year, British introduced another tax through Stamp Act. This Act made colonists to buy stamps for newspaper and many other essential items. They even have to buy license for playing cards and dice. The colonists became outrageous, they believed only their assemblies can tax on them, not the London Parliament which is few thousands miles away and they had not much power in it. The anger towards British rule was intense by Britain demolishing all duties in the Townshend Act apart from tea. The colonists regarded this as a bribe to make them end the boycott with British government so that the British can tax them. As a result, a first actual rebellion was broke out and it was known as the Boston Tea Party. Few colonists disguised themselves as Indians and threw cargos of tea into the harbour. This rebellion alerted the British. The British decided to make a harsher plan towards America. The Intolerable Acts were made in 1774 to gain total control over American colonists. The British block ports and only allow American assemblies to meet once a year. This is the ultimate reason for making the American wanted to go to war with Britain. The Acts caused the colonists to stop all trade with Britain and raise their own troops. Americans felt that Britain was taking their democracy away by simply ruling them in British way. Under British rule, Americans did not have the right to vote or to elect government. They did not have religion freedom and must follow the English church. They could not have their own trade. The colonists feelings could be expressed through the Philosophes arguments. As the famous philosophe, Voltaire said, I disagree with everything you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it!, he believed that the Church stood in the way of truth by telling people what to believe instead of allowing them to think for themselves. The American extended this  idea even further and thought that Britain was in the way of their democracy and that the welfare of the colony and the Empire were not always synonymous. The philosophes also emphasised on human rights and this related to how the American thought when a government does not consent the governed, it should be change. The colonists fled from the oppression back in Europe and wanted to start a new life. Their religion, ambition and attidtues finally led them to the road to modern democracy. But Britain disregarded their rights and democracy and this is the immediate cause of the American War of Independence.

Cache Manager to Reduce the Workload of MapReduce Framework

Cache Manager to Reduce the Workload of MapReduce Framework Provision of Cache Manager to Reduce the Workload of MapReduce Framework for Bigdata application Ms.S.Rengalakshmi,  Mr.S.Alaudeen Basha Abstract: The term big-data refers to the large-scale distributed data processing applications that operate on large amounts of data. MapReduce and Apache’s Hadoop of Google, are the essential software systems for big-data applications. A large amount of intermediate data are generated by MapReduce framework. After the completion of the task this abundant information is thrown away .So MapReduce is unable to utilize them. In this approach, we propose provision of cache manager to reduce the workload of MapReduce framework along with the idea of data filter method for big-data applications. In provision of cache manager, tasks submit their intermediate results to the cache manager. A task checks the cache manager before executing the actual computing work. A cache description scheme and a cache request and reply protocol are designed. It is expected that provision of cache manager to reduce the workload of MapReduce will improve the completion time of MapReduce jobs. Key words: big-data; MapReduce; Hadoop; Caching. I. Introduction With the evolution of information technology, enormous expanses of data have become increasingly obtainable at outstanding volumes. Amount of data being gathered today is so much that, 90% of the data in the world nowadays has been created in the last two years [1]. The Internet impart a resource for compiling extensive amounts of data, Such data have many sources including large business enterprises, social networking, social media, telecommunications, scientific activities, data from traditional sources like forms, surveys and government organizations, and research institutions [2]. The term Big Data refers to 3 v’s as volume, variety, velocity and veracity. This provides the functionalities of Apprehend, analysis, storage, sharing, transfer and visualization [3].For analyzing unstructured and structured data, Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and Mapreduce paradigm provides a Parallelization and distributed processing. Huge amount data is complex and difficult to process using on-hand database management tools, desktop statistics, database management systems or traditional data processing applications and visualization packages. The traditional method in data processing had only smaller amount of data and has very slow processing [4]. A big data might be petabytes (1,024 terabytes) or exabytes (1,024 petabytes) of data composed of billions to trillions of records of millions of people—all from different sources (e.g. Web, sales, customer center for communication, social media. The data is loosely structured and most of the data are not in a complete manner and not easily accessible[5]. The challenges include capturing of data, analysis for the requirement, searching the data, sharing, storage of data and privacy violations. The trend to larger data sets is due to the additional information derivable from analysis of a single large set of data which are related to one another, as matched to distinguish smaller sets with the same total density of data, expressing correlations to be found to identify business routines[10].Scientists regularly find constraints because of large data sets in areas, including meteorology, genomics. The limitations also affect Internet search, financial transactions and information related business trends. Data sets develop in size in fraction because they are increasingly accumulated by ubiquitous information-sensing devices relating mobility. The challenge for large enterprises is determining who should own big data initiatives that straddle the entire organization. MapReduce is useful in a wide range of applications,such as distributed pattern-based searching technique, sorting in a distributed system, web link-graph reversal, Singular Value Decomposition, web access log stats, index construction in an inverted manner, document clustering , machine learning, and machine translation in statistics. Moreover, the MapReduce model has been adapted to several computing environments. Googles index of the World Wide Web is regenerated using MapReduce. Early stages of ad hoc programs that updates the index and various analyses can be executedis replaced by MapReduce. Google has moved on to technologies such as Percolator, Flume and MillWheel that provides the operation of streaming and updates instead of batch processing, to allow integrating live search results without rebuilding the complete index. Stable input data and output results of MapReduce are stored in a distributed file system. The ephemeral data is stored on local disk and retrieved by the reducers remotely. In 2001,Big data defined by industry analyst Doug Laney (currently with Gartner) as the three Vs : namevolume, velocity and variety [11]. Big data can be characterized by well-known 3Vs: the extreme density of data, the various types of data and the swiftness at which the data must be processed. II. Literature survey Minimization of execution time in data processing of MapReduce jobs has been described by Abhishek Verma, Ludmila Cherkasova, Roy H. Campbell [6]. This is to buldge their MapReduce clusters utilization to reduce their cost and to optimize the Mapreduce jobs execution on the Cluster. Subset of production workloads developed by unstructured information that consists of MapReduce jobs without dependency and the order in which these jobs are performed can have good impact on their inclusive completion time and the cluster resource utilization is recognized. Application of the classic Johnson algorithm that was meant for developing an optimal two-stage job schedule for identifying the shortest path in directed weighted graph has been allowed. Performance of the constructed schedule via unquantifiable set of simulations over a various workloads and cluster-size dependent. L. Popa, M. Budiu, Y. Yu, and M. Isard [7]: Based on append-only, partitioned datasets, many large-scale (cloud) computations will operate. In these circumstances, two incremental computation frameworks to reuse prior work in these can be shown: (1) reusing similar computations already performed on data partitions, and (2) computing just on the newly appended data and merging the new and previous results. Advantage: Similar Computation is used and partial results can be cached and reused. Machine learning algorithm on Hadoop at the core of data analysis, is described by Asha T, Shravanthi U.M, Nagashree N, Monika M [1] . Machine Learning Algorithms are recursive and sequential and the accuracy of Machine Learning Algorithms depend on size of the data where, considerable the data more accurate is the result. Reliable framework for Machine Learning is to work for bigdata has made these algorithms to disable their ability to reach the fullest possible. Machine Learning Algorithms need data to be stored in single place because of its recursive nature. MapRedure is the general and technique for parallel programming of a large class of machine learning algorithms for multicore processors. To achieve speedup in the multi-core system this is used. P. Scheuermann, G. Weikum, and P. Zabback [9] I_O parallelism can be exploited in two ways by Parallel disk systems namely inter-request and intra-request parallelism. There are some main issues in performance tuning of such systems.They are: striping and load balancing. Load balancing is performed by allocation and dynamic redistributions of the data when access patterns change. Our system uses simple but heuristics that incur only little overhead. D. Peng and F. Dabek [12] an index of the web is considered as documents can be crawled. It needs a continuous transformation of a large repository of existing documents when new documents arrive.Due to these tasks, databases do not meet the the requirements of storage or throughput of these tasks: Huge amount of data(in petabytes) can be stored by Google’s indexing system and processes billions of millions updates per day on wide number of machines. Small updates cannot be processed individually by MapReduce and other batch-processing systems because of their dependency on generating large batches for efficiency. By replacing a batch-based indexing system with an indexing system based on incremental processing using Percolator, we process the similar number of data documents averagely per day, happens during the reduction of the average age of documents in Google search which is resulted by 50%. Utilization of the big data application in Hadoop clouds is described by Weiyi Shang, Zhen Ming Jiang, Hadi Hemmati, Bram Adams, Ahmed E. Hassan, Patrick Martin[13]. To analyze huge parallel processing frameworks, Big Data Analytics Applications is used. These applications build up them using a little model of data in a pseudo-cloud environment. Afterwards, they arrange the applications in a largescale cloud situation with notably more processing organize and larger input data. Runtime analysis and debugging of such applications in the deployment stage cannot be easily addressed by usual monitoring and debugging approaches. This approach drastically reduces the verification effort when verifying the deployment of BDA Apps in the cloud. Matei Zaharia, Mosharaf Chowdhury, Michael J. Franklin, Scott Shenker, Ion Stoica [14] MapReduce and its variants have been highly successful in implementing large-scale data-intensive applications on clusters of commodity base. These systems are built around an model which is acyclic in data flow which is very less suitable for other applications. This paper focuses on one such class of applications: those that reuse a working set of data across multiple operations which is parallel. This encompasses many machine learning algorithms which are iterative. A framework cnamed Spark which ropes these applications and retains the scalability and tolerantes fault of MapReduce has been proposed. To achieve these goals, Spark introduces an abstraction called resilient distributed datasets (RDDs). An RDD is a read-only collection of objects which are partitioned across a set of machines. It can be rebuilt if a partition is lost. Spark is able to outperform Hadoop in iterative machine learning jobs and can be used to interactively query around and above 35 GB dataset with sub-second response time. This paper presents an approach cluster computing framework named Spark, which supports working sets while providing similar scalability and fault tolerance properties to MapReduce III. Proposed method An Objective of proposed System is to the underutilization of CPU processes, the growing importance of MapReduce performance and to establish an efficient data analysis framework for handling the large data Drift in the workloads from enterprise through the exploration of data handling mechanism like parallel database such as Hadoop. Figure 1: Provision of Cache Manager III.A.Provision of Dataset To Map Phase : Cache refers to the intermediate data that is produced by worker nodes/processes during the execution of a Map Reduce task. A piece of cached data is stored in a Distributed File System (DFS). The content of a cache item is described by the original data and the operations applied. A cache item is explained by a 2-tuple: Origin, Operation. The name of a file is denoted by Origin in the DFS. Linear list of available operations performed on the Origin file is denoted by Operaion. Example, consider in the word count application, each mapper node or process emits a list of word, counting tuples that record the count of each word in the file that the mapper processes. Cache manager stores this list to a file. This file becomes a cache item. Here, item refers to white-space-separated character strings. Note that the new line character is also considered as one of the whitespaces, so item precisely captures the word in a text file and item count directly corresponds to the word count operat ion performed on the data file. The input data are get selected by the user in the cloud. The input files are splitted. And then that is given as the input to the map phase. The input to the map phase are very important. These input are processed by the map phase. III.B.Analyze in Cache Manager: Mapper and reducer nodes/processes record cache items into their local storage space. On the completion of these operations , the cache items are directed towards the cache manager, which acts like an inter-mediator in the publish/subscribe model. Then recording of the description and the file name of the cache item in the DFS is performed by cache manager. The cache item should be placed on the same machine as the worker process that generates it. So data locality will be improved by this requirement. The cache manager maintains a copy of the mapping between the cache descriptions and the file names of the cache items in its main memory to accelerate queries. Permanently to avoid the data loss, it also flushes the mapping file into the disk periodically. Before beginning the processing of an input data file, the cache manager is contacted by a worker node/process. The file name and the operations are send by the worker process that it plans to apply to the file to the cache manager. Upon receiving this message, the cache manager compares it with the stored mapping data. If an exact match to a cache item is found, i.e., its origin is the same as the file name of the request and its operations are the same as the proposed operations that will be performed on the data file, then a reply containing the tentative description of the cache item is sent by the cache manager to the worker process.On receiving the tentative description,the worker node will fetch the cache item. For processing further, the worker has to send the file to the next-stage worker processes. The mapper has to inform the cache manager that it already processed the input file splits for this job. These results are then reported by the cache manager to the next phase reducers. If the cache service is not utilized by the reducers then the output in the map phase can be directly shuffled to form the input for the reducers. Otherwise, a more complex process is performed to get the required cache ite ms. If the proposed operations are different from the cache items in the manager’s records, there are situations where the origin of the cache item is the same as the requested file, and the operations of the cache item are a strict subset of the proposed operations. On applying some additional operations on the subset item, the item is obtained. This fact is the concept of a strict super set. For example, an item count operation is a strict subset operation of an item count followed by a selection operation. This fact means that if the system have a cache item for the first operation, then the selection operation can be included, that guarantees the correctness of the operation. To perform a previous operation on this new input data is troublesome in conventional MapReduce, because MapReduce does not have the tools for readily expressing such incremental operations. Either the operation has to be performed again on the new input data, or the developers of application need to manually cache the stored intermediate data and pick them up in the incremental processing. Application developers have the ability to express their intentions and operations by using cache description and to request intermediate results through the dispatching service of the cache manager.The request is transferred to the cache manager. The request is analyzed in the cache manager. If the data is present in the cache manager means then that is transferred to the map phase. If the data is not present in the cache manager means then there is no response to the map phase. IV.Conclusion Map reduce framework generates large amount of intermediate data. But, this framework is unable to use the intermediate data. This system stores the task intermediate data in the cache manager. It uses the intermediate data in the cache manager before executing the actual computing work.It can eliminate all the duplicate tasks in incremental Map Reduce jobs. V. Future work In the current system the data are not deleted at certain time period. It decreases the efficiency of the memory. The cache manager stores the intermediate files. In future, these intermediate files can be deleted based on time period will be proposed. New datasets can be saved. So the memory management of the proposed system can be highly improved. VI. References [1] Asha, T., U. M. Shravanthi, N. Nagashree, and M. Monika. Building Machine Learning Algorithms on Hadoop for Bigdata. International Journal of Engineering and Technology 3, no. 2 (2013). [2] Begoli, Edmon, and James Horey. Design Principles for Effective Knowledge Discovery from Big Data. In Software Architecture (WICSA) and European Conference on Software Architecture (ECSA), 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on, pp. 215-218. IEEE, 2012. [3] Zhang, Junbo, Jian-Syuan Wong, Tianrui Li, and Yi Pan. A comparison of parallel large-scale knowledge acquisition using rough set theory ondifferent MapReduce runtime systems. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning (2013) [4] Vaidya, Madhavi. Parallel Processing of cluster by Map Reduce. International Journal of Distributed Parallel Systems 3, no. 1 (2012). [5] Apache HBase. Available at http://hbase.apache.org [6] Verma, Abhishek, Ludmila Cherkasova, and R. Campbell. Orchestrating an Ensemble of MapReduce Jobs for Minimizing Their Makespan. (2013): 1-1. [7] L. Popa, M. Budiu, Y. Yu, and M. Isard, Dryadinc:Reusing work in large-scale computations, in Proc. ofHotCloud’09, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2009 [8] T. Karagiannis, C. Gkantsidis, D. Narayanan, and A.Rowstron, Hermes: Clustering users in large-scale e-mailservices, in Proc. of SoCC ’10, New York, NY, USA, 2010. [9] P. Scheuermann, G. Weikum, and P. Zabback, Datapartitioning and load balancing in parallel disk systems,The VLDB Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 48-66, 1998. [10] Parmeshwari P. Sabnis, Chaitali A.Laulkar , â€Å"SURVEY OF MAPREDUCE OPTIMIZATION METHODS†, ISSN (Print): 2319- 2526, Volume -3, Issue -1, 2014 [11] Puneet Singh Duggal ,Sanchita Paul ,â€Å" Big Data Analysis:Challenges and Solutions†, International Conference on Cloud, Big Data and Trust 2013, Nov 13-15, RGPV [12] D. Peng and F. Dabek, Largescale incremental processingusing distributed transactions and notifications, in Proc. ofOSDI’ 2010, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2010 [13] Shvachko, Konstantin, Hairong Kuang, Sanjay Radia, and Robert Chansler. The hadoop distributed file system. In Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST), 2010 IEEE 26th Symposium on, pp. 1-10. IEEE, 2010. [14] â€Å"Spark: Cluster Computing withWorking Sets â€Å"Matei Zaharia, Mosharaf Chowdhury, Michael J. Franklin, Scott Shenker, Ion Stoica University of California, Berkeley

The Laws Of Thermodynamics

The Laws Of Thermodynamics This writing assignment explains some essential ideas about the Laws of Thermodynamics and how oranges exist given the Law of Thermodynamics, along with ideas of entropy. Oranges are considered structured because of the fact that entropy is an expression of the randomness or disorder as well as the energy from high temperature region to low temperature areas. Since orange molecules are not closed system and assuming that their entropy decreases, the energy flowing to the low temperature areas is able to make oranges to exist since the entropy is decreasing for those molecules hence the disorder is decreasing so the molecules can pull together or stay together. Energy is defined as the ability to do work while thermodynamics is bringing about change in the study of energy. Energy exists in many forms, such as heat, light, chemical energy, and electrical energy. Paul Davies, another well-known and popular author gives his views on the Laws of thermodynamics as, The second law of thermodynamics is often phrased by saying that every closed system tends towards a state of total disorder or chaos. One measure of the remorseless rise of chaos uses a quantity called entropy, which is defined to be, roughly speaking, and the degree of disorder in a system. The second law then states that in a closed system the total entropy can never decrease; at best it remains the same. Almost all natural changes tend to increase the entropy, and we see the second law at work all around us in nature. One of the most conspicuous examples is in the way that the sun slowly burns up its nuclear fuel, spewing heat and light irretrievably into the depths of space, and raising the entropy of the cosmos with each liberated photon. Eventually the sun will run out of fuel and cease to shine. The same slow degeneration afflicts all the stars in the universe. In the mid-nine teenth century, this dismal fate came to be known as the cosmic heat death.' [Davies, In About Time p. 34] The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy can be changed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed. The total amount of energy and matter in the Universe remains constant, merely changing from one form to another. The First Law of Thermodynamics also called the law of conservation states that energy is always conserved; it cannot be created or destroyed. In essence, energy can be converted from one form into another. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that in all energy exchanges, if no energy enters or leaves the system, the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial state. This is also commonly referred to as entropy. Once the potential energy locked in carbohydrates is converted into kinetic energy (energy in use or motion), the organism will get no more until energy is input again. In the process of energy transfer, some energy will dissipate as heat. Entropy is a measure of disorder: cells are not disordered and so have low entropy. The flow of energy maintains order and life. Entropy wins when organisms cease to take in energy and die. The third law of thermodynamics, formulated by Walter Nernst and also known as the Nernst heat theorem, states that if one could reach absolute zero, all bodies would have the same entropy. In other words, a body at absolute zero could exist in only one possible state, which would possess a definite energy, called the zero-point energy. This state is defined as having zero entropy. Potential energy, as the name implies, is energy that has not yet been used, thus the term potential. Kinetic energy is energy in use or motion. In the hydrologic cycle, the sun is the ultimate source of energy, evaporating water (in a fashion raising its potential above water in the ocean). When the water falls as rain (or snow) it begins to run downhill toward sea-level. As the water gets closer to sea-level, its potential energy is decreased. Without the sun, the water would eventually still reach sea-level, but never be evaporated to recharge the cycle. Water is an essential need for all living things which include plants to manufacture and processes their food. Chemicals may also be considered from a potential energy or kinetic energy standpoint. One pound of sugar has a certain potential energy. If that pound of sugar is burned the energy is released all at once. The energy released is kinetic energy heat. So much is released that organisms would burn up if all the energy was released at once. Organisms must release the energy a little bit at a time. Similarly, according to Brian Greene he emphasizes on the study of entropy as, First, entropy is a measure of the amount of disorder in a physical system. Second, in physical systems with many constituents there is a natural evolution toward greater disorder, since disorder can be achieved in so many more ways than order. In the language of entropy, this is the statement that physical systems tend to evolve toward states of higher entropy. (Green, In The Fabric of the Cosmos, p. 154) Energy is defined as the ability to do work. Cells convert potential energy, usually in the form of C-C covalent bonds or ATP molecules, into kinetic energy to accomplish cell division, growth, biosynthesis, and active transport, among other things. Therefore, for orange tree to grow to its fullness and be able to produce its fruits, the energy processes would be involved in the development of that plant. Also for it to grow healthy it requires fertilizer which is a chemical energy being converted to potential energy. Energy has often been called the currency of life. It flows through Earths processes creating wind, providing light, and enabling plants to create food from water and air (carbon dioxide). Humans have tapped into this flow to generate electricity, fuel our cars, and heat our homes. The sun provides Earth with most of its energy. It is important for one to recognize and appreciate this source of energy and to explore the transformations that bring the suns light into their home in the form of light, heat, food, and fuel. We are fortunate to have many concentrated sources of energy. Besides the sun, there is chemical energy found in fossil fuels such as coal and oil and in nuclear resources. While the amount of energy in our world remains constant, as we use it (transfer it to one form to another), it becomes spread out and less useful. Energy also gives us the ability to work. Through education and becoming aware of what energy is and how we use it, we can learn (i.e., work) to use our concentrated resources more wisely, and ensure that they will be available for future generations. Work cited Davies P. In About Time. Simon Schuster. 1995. Green B. In the Fabric of the Cosmos: space, time and the texture of reality, A.A. Knopf, 2004.

Autism And Savant Syndrome Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Autism And Savant Syndrome A little boy quietly sits in front of a piano, with his fingers poised over the bright white keys. His teacher, seated beside him on the bench, plays a complicated series of chords, filling the air with a beautiful melody. After a single hearing, the boy begins to play, perfectly reproducing the song he has just heard. As the last notes fade away, the boy sits still for a moment and then begins to rock gently back and forth, only stopping once the music begins again.... A genius. A prodigy. One might label this child as such after witnessing this type of performance, were it not for the little nuances of the situation: the rocking, the cold, unemotional expression on the boy's face, and his lack of response to the voices around him. Instead, this boy is diagnosed with Savant Syndrome, a disorder in which individuals with neurological developmental delays in socialization and communication (3) possess "astonishing islands of brilliance that stand in stark, markedly incongruous contrast to the over-all handicap" (6). From absolute pitch and chess playing skill to the card-counting talent popularized by Dustin Hoffman in Rain Man, savants may be developmentally delayed, but certainly posses a genius of sorts that is almost unmatchable. In this respect, I am fascinated by the biological and societal origins and significance of the existence of individuals with an IQ well below average who are capable of performing tasks about which some geniuses could o nly dream. The implications of these individuals are huge in terms of genetics, the nature of intelligence and the varying processes of thought present within humanity. I find that it is the presence of a "weakness" such as autism and its development... ...avant. WWW Sources 1)The Neurobiology of Infantile Autism http://www.mhsource.com/narsad/autism.jhtml?_requestid=60911 2)Autism Fact Sheet http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/autism/detail_autism.htm 3)Pervasive Developmental Disorder http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/pdd/pdd.htm 4)Autism and the Cerebellum http://www.autism.org/cerebel.html 5)Autism and the Limbic System http://www.autism.org/cerebel.html 6)The Savant Syndrome:Islands of Genius http://www.wisconsinmedicalsociety.org/savant/default.cfm 7)Autistic Savant http://www.wisconsinmedicalsociety.org/savant/default.cfm 8)Tune in, turn off http://www.newscientist.com/ns/19991009/tuneinturn.html 9)The Savant in All of Us http://www.saveachild.com/netnews/feb00resr.htm#Savant 10)Phenomenal Talent-The Autistic Kind http://www.nexus.edu.au/teachstud/gat/hendric1.htm

Cheaper by the Dozen :: essays papers

Cheaper by the Dozen The book Cheaper by the Dozen written by Frank B. Gilbreth, Jr. and Ernestine Gilbreth Carey was the life story of the Gilbreth family before Mr. Gilbreth died. Frank Gilbreth, Jr. and Ernestine Gilbreth were two of the twelve children. Mr. and Mrs. Gilbreth, both industrial engineers, ran a firm, Gilbreth, Inc. which was employed as "efficiency experts" by major industrial plants in the United States, Britain, and Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Gilbreth had twelve children, six girls and six boys. The names of the children are Anne, Ernestine, Frank, Bill, Lillian, Martha, Jack, Jane, Fred, Mart, Bob, and Dan. The older children's job is to take care of the youngest and the mother took care of the intermediate children and babies. Nothing was consider more a sin than wasting time, that is why the father, Frank, times himself trying to go as fast as he can with almost everything. He timed himself buttoning his shirt to see which way is faster, top-bottom or bottom-top. He timed himself shaving to see which way took longer, using two brushes to apply the shaving cream of one. He found that two were faster. Frank, the father also experiment on which ways was faster, using two razors of one. He found that one was faster, because with two he cut himself so many times it took him twice as much time to cover the cuts up. The book talked about how smart Frank, the Father was. He painted mores code on the walls of their summerhouse to teach it to his children. When the children decoded the message written on the wall, it revealed a clue that tells the child who decoded it where a prize was hidden. He painted also all of the planets and stars you can see in the sky on the walls of their summerhouse to teach his kids astrology. A neat power that the father, Frank, had was that as soon as he look at a person he would know their nationality. When ever the family would go somewhere were you would have to pay by the person, such as a toll bridge, Frank, the father, would take one look at the person and know that their nationality was Irish. The father, Frank, would say, "do my Irishmen come cheaper by the dozen?" The owner would probably say, "Irishmen? If you are Irish, you should not pay a toll on my road. Your trip is on the house." At the end of the book the father, Frank is called for work in

Scope of Practice

Scope of Practice according to the free dictionary is the range of responsibility of patients or caseload and practice guidelines that determine the boundaries within which a physician, or other professional, practices. The basic is that these guidelines tell that particular practitioner how far they can go when it comes to medical care and treatment. According to the law in all states, a Medical Assistant must have the supervising doctor, or a licensed practitioner, present, on the floor or in the building before a MA can provide any type of direct care/procedures to a patient (2011). MA is allowed to do whatever they were hired to do. Doctors and nurses often times don’t know how to use their MAs, they main responsibilities are in their job description when they were hired. Each office that an MA may work in could have some different procedures to do. Your job as an MA maybe to administer immunizations for injections, or to file all medical charts when they are completed, whatever your job is, it should be clearly spelled out for you. They must also outline what a MA can not do, such as making any independent medical assessment, triage patients, dispense medication or samples without direct orders, and giving out your own personal medical advice (2011). The employer who usually is the doctor assumes responsibility of the MA and they have to determine each MA’s scope of practice, by determining their skill levels. Most states don’t have laws that specifically address the responsibilities and duties of a Medical Assistant. This doesn’t say that no rules apply to them but since they are an extension of the do0)ctor then they are more than likely to follow the laws of the State Medical Board.

Maydavian Online Reservation and Booking System Essay

Maydavian has been founded as a resort in the beautiful island of Palawan. With the exertion of Ms. Marrieta S. Mayor, the capital of this unspoiled island, and a memorable journey of about two hours by bus or shuttle taking you through a zigzag in the mountains and with breathtaking views of mountain ranges and unspoiled forests. An oasis of hospitality awaits you at Maydavian, with spectacular views of the Sulu Sea. Ideally located in a coconut plantation with modern facilities in harmony with the serene and soothing atmosphere. Maydavian Resort establish on 2000. The establishment started with just a small canteen, 6 rooms and small dinning cottages. After a few months, reception hall, VIP rooms and Standards rooms were built. A swimming pool was formally open to the public. Maydavian Resort has a total land area of eighteen hectares located at Brgy. Caguisan Narra, Palawan. The guest who visited Maydavian loved enjoyed a walkway through century mangroves, clear Sky and myriad of stars and delicious food serves for the most discerning of pallets comprising both Filipino and western specialties. Presently, Maydavian offers plenty of facilities and services. There are the Restaurant and Bar, the Maydavian Pavillion. One of the venues for wedding and birthday parties, island Park intended for playful kids and weather favors the park also serve as venue for children party and garden wedding reception for sports minded guest, there is a room venue for billiards and many more that had contributed to the overall success of this more than a decade old establishment. The continuous growth of the world their exist the modern and a high-tech way of living due to the reason of unsatisfied and consciousness of humans by discovering and searching for more effective way of living such as computer- is a device that computes, especially a programmable electronic machine that performs high speed mathematical or logical operations that can assembles, store, correlates and otherwise process information. Dealing with the triumphant advancement, internet is a network of almost transaction system through this transaction system must gather sort of information for online services. Website is related collection of web files that includes an initial called a homepage it is essential in an organization to establish a tourist spot in the province of Palawan adopting reliable reviewing like a website to provide a complex transaction system through on line services. This system is entitled â€Å"Maydavian Resort Online Reservation and Booking System†.

Reading and Writing Essay

Learning how to read back in 1970 is quite different from learning how to read in the world we live in today. Learning to read was somewhat difficult for me as a child. We didn’t have the fancy reading tools back in the day, such as: Hooked on Phonics or Phonemic Awareness. Looking back over my life, I can remember when I was in the first grade, about six or seven years old and I brought home my first report card. On my report card my teacher pointed out an area of weakness in reading. I can still hear my father saying â€Å"Susie are you having trouble reading? † I would respond as any typical six year old child would do by shrugging my shoulders and saying â€Å"I don’t know. † My father was a concerned parent and wanted to help his child. He didn’t want to see me struggle in school nor did he want to see me fall behind. My father was determined he was going to help me improve my reading skills and by doing so my reading grade would improve also. So therefore, my father set up a strategy plan. Every evening after school my father and I would sit down at the dinner table and work on improving my reading skills. His first step was to see if I could sound out all the letters of the alphabet. Once he realized I was able to sound out all letters in the alphabet, his next step was to determine if I could sound out all the vowels: long, short and house top vowels too. The third step was to begin sounding out small words such as: the, cat, red, run, ran, like etc. Once I began to get comfortable reading on my own while my father prepared dinner for my two brothers and I, he would have me to sit at the dinner table and read aloud to him fifteen minutes each day. Eventually with with all the hard work and dedication my reading skills gradually improved. After all, they say practice makes perfect. As I grew older I started enjoying reading much more than I ever realized. I had to find out what type of books and magazines I enjoyed reading. In other words, I had to find my reading niche. I enjoy reading books like Mama, How Stella got her Grove Back, The Autobiography of Malcolm X, A Day Late and a Dollar Short by Terry McMillan. Reading can be very enjoyable, relaxing and mind stimulating as well. Reading exercises our brain. One can self improve while gaining experience from other people by reading. Reading is knowledge and power. Reading teaches children about the world around them. Reading develops a child’s imagination. Now that I have returned to college, reading and writing is a common part of everyday life. Every semester I have had several different assignments that required reading and writing skills. I have had to do an essay, public speaking presentations which involved reading and writing. Reading is very important because one can explore themselves to new things. One can also self improve while gaining experience from other people. Reading can be used for connecting your brain and it can also boost ones imagination and creativity. Reading exercises ones brain. Many factors play a vital role in a child’s growth and development. Reading develops a child’s imagination. Children who read do better at school. Reading relaxes the body and calms the mind. Reading is a great source of entertainment. This is an important point because these days we seem to have forgotten how to relax and especially how to be silent. In almost everything we do reading and writing is a vital part of our everyday lives.

Critically Assess Marx’s Theory of Class and Stratification

Marx class theory derived from his belief that class divisions are not found in all forms of society; classes are a creation of history. For Marx, classes are defined and structured by firstly, who owns or has property and means of production and who does the work in the production process, secondly the social relationships included in work and labour, and thirdly who produces and who rules the surplus human social labour can produce. All of these aspects of Marx class theory will be further explored in this essay. Marx believed that class divisions are not found in all societies, classes are a creation of history. The earliest and smallest societies (tribal and primitive) were classless. It is universally true that all human beings depend on the quest of meeting their basic needs – food, water, shelter and clothing. In these primitive societies, the working day was taken up with required labour in order to meet society’s basic needs and forces of production were distributed equally amongst the community. But when basic needs are met, this leads to man’s creation of new needs, as humans are forever dissatisfied animals. Marx defines human beings as producers (Callinicos, A, p. 98, 1996). Humans seek to transform nature to enable them to meet their needs and do this through two different mode of production. The first ‘forces of production’ which depends on what Marx calls the ‘labour process’. ‘‘Labour is first of all a process between man and nature, a process by which man, though his own actions, mediates, regulates and controls the metabolism between himself and nature’’ (C I 283). The relations of production is the social aspect, which involves the property rights of the productive forces, it is what distinguishes the modes of production for one another. Improvements in the labour force are determined by if man is able to produce the same amount of things but with less human labour. By been able to produce more effectively, therefore meant man gains more control over nature. Thus the developments of the labour process are a reflection of human technology (Callinicos, A, p. 8, 1996) and Marx believed that the developments of science and technology in society provide a basis on which future societies can build upon. Although Marx never said in so many words what he meant by class, his theory lies on the statement that â€Å"the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. ’’ That once beyond primitive socities no labour can exist without means of production, which is who controls the direct producers. The central classes in capitalism are the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Class divisions arise in society when the direct producers are separated from the means of production. The means of production, the bourgeoisie, become the monopoly of a minority and use exploitation and domination in relation to the producers, the proletariat. Marx looks at the working day in a class society and identies how capital exploits labour wage. During the first half of the day the worker produces goods in which he is paid to but during the second part of the day the worker performs surplus labour. Surplus labour is generated by how much labour time is left over after the employer has made back the equivalent of the cost of the wages of the labourer. The profit of this surplus labour is too small though to improve everyone’s standard of living, so it is taken by the minority who control the means of production. Marx decscribes four main types of class societies: Asiatic, ancient, feudal, and modern bourgeois, ‘‘the distinction between for example a society based on slave labour and a society based on wage labour – is the form in which this surplus labour is in each case exploited from the immediate producer, the worker’’ (C I 325). The practice of exploitation depends on the distribution of the means of production. In the case of slavery , it seems all the slaves labour is surplus labour , he is not permitted to any of his product. But the slave has to be kept alive in order to gain surplus power, therefore a proportion of the slaves wages is set aside to provide him his basic needs. In feudalism society, the peasant may have owned his animals and tools, but did not own the land he works on, therefore must divide his labour time between the work that needed to be done in order to provide for himself and his family and surplus labour for his lord. In both these mode of production, slavery and feudalism, exploitation is clearly visible and physical consequences are evident without question. However in capitalism exploitation is concealed. The worker is legally free, as he has volunteered to partake in the labour process. Marx wrote that workers are ‘‘ free in a double sense , free from the old relations of clientship, bondage and servitude, and secondly free of all belongings and possessions, and of every objective, material form of being, free of all property’’ (G 507). By not selling his labour power to the capitalist, the workers only other option is starvation. The means of production use economic pressures as a means of control over workers, not physical actions. Thus once the employer has employed the workers, he makes them work longer hours than necessary, creating surplus labour. In the case of feudalism, after centuries new methods of producing began to develop. But releasing these new methods worked against the ruling class–in the framework of the prior form of exploitation and the â€Å"legal and political superstructure† that had arisen out of it. This clash between the new opportunities and the structure of the previous order, was in severe crisis. Without new developments, the existing means of producing was not able to sustain any more development in the population, the Black Death followed, causing horrific events such as famines and disease and violence. The previous ways of shaping society and furthering the mode of production were brought to a halt. Marx foresaw that there could be revolution in society abolishing classes altogether. Then begins an epoch of social revolution,† , Marx wrote. Yet the ruling class were still dominating the workers, even though the mode of production had self-destructed. The ruling class dominates not only the way production is carried on, but all the other organizations and relations in society, whose structure aids the exploiters, control their power. As Marx explained, all class societies create a legal, political and ideological â€Å"superstructure† which functions to control the existing relations of production and guard the rulers from the ruled. But an important tool for the ruling class to persuade the working class is ideology– schemes of ideas that depict the recognized order as natural and positive to everyone, whatever its undeniable faults. Marx believed that the workers did not realise they were been exploited, had a false consciousness, mistaken sense that they could count on their employer. He believed that ideologies help sustain the ruling class, by giving misleading views to people about the world in order to exploit others about their position in society. It caused people to form mistaken views about the nature of society in order to keep the existing mode of production in action. Because the dominant or ruling class rules the social relations of production, the central ideology in capitalist society is that of the ruling class. Marx theory of class consciousness was an idea how to make members of a class aware that they have a common situation and interests and, moreover, are able to organize a collective defence of those interests (Elster, J, p128, Intro to Karl Marx). Marx saw that there were many logics why the proletariat would develop into a class that is conscious of its own status, power, obligations, and prospects. The objective condition of a class subsists because of its position in the productive process. Possession or non-possession of the means of production, place in the labour process, and the control over surplus regulate this. However a class such as the bourgeoisie or proletariat, may be unaware of this position, or in any case the effects of this position. Marx believed there would be a revolution, the workers would come together and rise up and fight to abolish the class system. Once everything had calmed down after the revolution, the proletariat would then own the means of production. He believed that no dominating class would exist and everything would be owned equally amongst society. He thought that if the working class were to take control of the means of production, they would inspire social relations that would help everyone proportionately, and an organization of production less at risk to repeated crises. Overall, Marx believed that nonviolent compromise of this issue was unrealistic, and prearranged and violent revolution would be necessary, because the dominating class would not surrender control without a fight. He speculated that in order to secure the socialist system, a dictatorship of the proletariat must be generated on a provisional foundation. Marx’s forethought of a revolution did not come true. As societies developed and expanded, the working classes grew to be more educated, obtaining detailed job skills and accomplishing the type of financial welfare that Marx never thought achievable.

Fast Food Advertising Essay Essay

Advertisements are everywhere. Billboards, Newspapers, Pamphlets and most importantly television. However, there are many people who are concerned about fast food ads, that are running during children programmes. Concerned about children’s wellbeing, people want a ban on fast food advertisements during children programmes. This is because of the addiction, the amount of money being wasted and that children have a lowered pre-frontal lobe capacity. Even though junk food is good to consume every now and then, it should be ban during children TV programmes. There are many addictions, which include alcohol, drugs and smoking. These are dangers that need to be taken seriously. Even though fast food is not the most important, it is still a hazard. The reason many children become addicted towards fast food is how they describe the product. These words include ‘Succulent Fresh Fillets’. This would make children want more. Fast food addiction leads towards obesity which could involve in organ problems such as Type Two Diabetes. This is why fast food advertisements should be banned during children TV programmes. There are many things that parents waste their money on for their children. Lollies, toys, entertainment. However, the major issue is buying junk food. Children persuade their parents to buy a product which leaves them in enjoyment while the parents suffering from a loose of money. Instead of buying junk food, something useful could be bought with the money such as clothing and fresh food which is a much better option. An alternative solution would be to buy Subway which is a healthier option and tastes as good as fast food but junk food ads should not be running during children TV programmes. Children at the age between 0-5 have difficulty understanding that commercials are products that do not actually function as advertised. Furthermore, children at a very young age can understand brand names. Since children also have a lowered pre-frontal lobe capacity which is the part of the brain connected with higher thinking and inhibition of behaviour, it stands to the light of reason that, because children do not have the capacity to make a rational decision making, advertisers target them easily by taking advantage of individuals. This is why junk food advertisements should be ban during children TV programmes. It is important to know that junk food is not a major hazard for teenagers or adults but for children. This is because of the addiction, the amount of money being wasted and that children have a lowered prefrontal lobe capacity and should be banned during children TV programmes.

Film Journal about the movie called Thelma & Louise Review

Film Journal about the called Thelma & Louise - Movie Review Example This causes the two women to go on the run as they are chased by the police. In the process, Thelma grows into her own strength and independence as a woman while Louise learns to depend a little on someone else. However, in the end, they chose to drive into the Grand Canyon instead of trying to shoot their way through a police blockade or be arrested. An important scene that shows the women’s growth occurs when the two women are pulled over in the New Mexico desert by a single police officer who asks Louise to get in his car. The scene begins with Louise firmly in charge as the driver of the car and the two women are driving along in relative silence. All that is heard is the sound of the car engine. Then a police siren slowly starts to crescendo until Louise looks in the rearview mirror and notices they are being pulled over. Although both women panic a bit, Louise makes the reasoned decision to go ahead and pull over and follows the officer’s instructions on the chance that he is unaware that they are wanted criminals. Throughout the scene, Louise is seen to move from a strongly assertive role to one in which she is completely passive and finally to becoming a partner in Thelma’s plan. In contrast, Thelma starts the scene is her common passive position as passenger in Louise’s car. When they are pulled over, she is still in passive mode, attempting to flirt with the police officer as a means of perhaps buttering him up or getting out of the ticket. Thelma goes out of frame as Louise and the officer go back to his car, but then appears relatively quickly in his driver’s side window with a gun, taking a suddenly very active role in the action. From this point forward in the scene, she takes an aggressive role, first ordering Louise around and taking decisive steps to secure their escape. When the two women jump back in

Explanatory Synthesis Materials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Explanatory Synthesis Materials - Essay Example The human brain is under the influence of ever-expanding world of new technology. There is internet, Bluetooth links, video games, multichannel television, and MP3 players. This article describes how online technologies have changed how people experience life in the digital age using the concepts derived from â€Å"In the Beginning Was the Word† by Christine Rosen, â€Å"Treading Water in a Sea of Data† by Peter Suderman, and â€Å"The Tweets for the Web† by Tyler Cowen. According to Cowen, the advent of computer and the internet has significantly changed the way people think and solve problems. With the technology, people are capable of performing various activities at once within a short period of time. This is referred to as multitasking (Cowen 578). In the Nineteenth Century, people spent too much time looking for a small piece of information in books, articles, encyclopedias and atlases. With the internet, it only takes people less than one minute to look fo r a piece of information. The Web also helps people to develop broader intellectual narrative about the world (Cowen 579). Cowen argues that multitasking makes people more efficient in performing their tasks than the manual way, unlike other researches that criticize that it lowers people’s cognitive performance level to that of drunk (Cowen 580). Multitasking has thus become people’s daily activity, and it does not distract people from their main activities as some people suggest. Internet and technological advancements have become part of people’s lives. It is never a long-distance relationship, as it was earlier perceived. People can instantly access books and other reference materials from the Web. Most people currently prefer contemporary culture, which is satisfying and contributes to happiness of most people. This is the reason why most people choose technologies that provide immediate and extreme access to information (Cowen 577). Browsers have evolved f rom mere picture windows for viewing Web pages, to a frame of an array of applications which filter, sort and manipulate information for its human users. According to Suderman, these applications assist users to stay afloat as the vast tide of information continues to increase (Suderman 585). There are programs of blog and news updates. This program pulls information from varied sources and organizes it into a single Web page which is easily accessible. The news headlines are organized into categories such as technology, politics, business, economics, arts and entertainment. The other programs are designed to facilitate personal communications. These include social networking sites like Twitter, MySpace and Facebook, and email applications (Suderman 585). Internet and technological advancements just like most commercial developments are geared to be brighter, louder, and overwhelming to engage users, attentions. The availability of personal computers, tablets, iPhones and other devi ces has made reading easier and more appealing than before. People in the current generation find reading books difficult, and most of the readings and research works are done through the internet (Suderman 586). Suderman argues that the informational rhythms of the present time sometimes make people forget that as much as they manage the information, they should also manage themselves. Rosen in her article strives to understand the cognitive difference between reading online and offline.